Affirmative & Negative Agrement, Negation, Commands

AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT (so. too. and also)

Sebenarnya kata so, too, dan also mempunyai arti yang sama yaitu juga, pula, pun. Tapi dalam penggunaannya terdapat perbedaan, so digunakan sebelum tobe(s) dan auxilliaries (kata bantu).

Example:

1.      My wife will talk to him and so will I

2.      My wife has talked about it, and so have I

3.      My wife talked about it, and so did I

4.      My wife is talking about it, and so am I

Sedangkan too dan also digunakan setelah tobe(s) dan auxilliaries.

Example:

1.      My wife will talk to him and I will too

2.      My wife has talked about it, and I have too

3.      My wife talked about it, and I did also

4.      My wife is talking about it, and I am also

NEGATIVE AGREEMENT (neither and either)

Hampir sama dengan penjelasan affirmative agreement di atas, neither dan either memiliki arti yang sama yaitu: tidak keduanya, atau kedua-duanya tidak. Untuk neither digunakan sebelum auxilliary verb, for example:

1.      My roommate won't go, and neither will I

2.      My roommate hasn't gone, and neither have I

3.      My roommate doesn't go, and neither do I

4.      My roommate isn't going, and neither am I

Dan untuk either digunakan setelah auxilliary verb dan kata "not", for example:

1.      My roommate won't go, and I won't(will not) either

2.      My roommate hasn't gone, and I haven't either

3.      My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

4.      My roommate isn't going, and I am not either

Hal lain yang harus diperhatikan yaitu untuk pemakaian tobe dan auxilliaries setelah kata "..and.." harus sesuai dengan tobe dan auxilliaries yang digunakan di awal kalimat, seperti :

1.      My wife is talking about it, and so am I

2.      My wife has talked about it, and I have too

3.      My roommate won't go, and neither will I

4.      My roommate doesn't go, and I don't either

NEGATION

Negation adalah bentuk pernyataan negatif. Walaupun hal ini tidak begitu asing, namun di bawah ini akan kami jelaskan bentuk-bentuk negation, atau bentuk-bentuk bagaimana membentuk suatu pernyataan negatif.

1.      Dengan Kata Kerja (VERB)

a.       With a simple form:
Subject + (The negative of the auxiliary DO (or MODALS)) + simple form.
Examples:
    - I don't  know
    - We didn't see (Not I didn't saw)
    - He couldn't stay

b.      With a past participle:
Subject + (The negative of the  auxiliaries BE or HAVE) + past participle.
Examples:
    - They haven't  seen
    - She wasn't driving
    - You hadn't forgotten

2.      Dengan Kata Benda (NOUN)
Jangan gunakan 2 kali Negation dalam 1 kalimat yang sama.
Contoh:

I do not see no evidence. (SALAH)

a.       Positive sentences:
No+ noun
Examples:
    - I see no evidence
    - No one is concerned

b.      Negative sentences:
Examples:
    - I do not see any evidence
    - They are not concerned

COMMANDS (Kalimat Perintah)

Dalam bahasa inggris, kalimat perintah (Commands), selalu dimulai dengan kata kerja yang berbentuk “Infinitive – tanpa to” jika tidak ada kata kerja, kiat menggunakan “Be + Adjectives”

Contoh :

1.      Open your book!

2.      Clean the blackboard!

3.      Show me your book!

4.      Light a candle!

5.      Be careful!

NEGATIVE COMMANDS (Kalimat Larangan)

Kalimat larangan (Negative Commands) dimulai dengan ” Don’t + Infinitive – tanpa – to “ jika tidak ada kata kerja, kita menggunakan “ Don’t be + Adjectives “

Contoh :

1.      Don’t make noise!

2.      Don’t read this letter!

3.      Don’t lock the door!

4.      Don’t be naughty!

5.      Don’t be angry!

Source : http://hikmawandiny.blogspot.com/2014/01/affirmative-and-negative-agreement.html

http://english-structure-patt-polinema.blogspot.com/2011/04/negation.html 

Budi H, Henricus. 1989. English Grammar. Yogyakarta: Karnisius (link)